Bumi Ruwa Jurai (Lampung)
Land of the Two indigenous peoples[1]Motto(s):
Sang Bumi Ruwa Jurai (Lampung)
One Land, Two indigenous peoples[1]Anthem: Sang Bumi Ruwa Jurai
Location of Lampung in Indonesia
Coordinates: 5°27′S 105°16′E / 5.450°S 105.267°ECoordinates: lima°27′S 105°16′E / 5.450°S 105.267°ECapital
and largest cityBandar LampungEstablished18 March 1964 • BodyLampung Provincial Government • GovernorArinal Djunaidi • Vice GovernorChusnunia Chalim • Total35,376 km2 (13,659 sq mi) • Rank22nd in IndonesiaHighest elevation
(Mount Pesagi)dua,262 m (7,421 ft) • Total9,007,848 • Rank8th in Indonesia • Density250/km2 (660/sq mi)Demonym(s)Lampungese
Ulun Lappung (abl)
Orang Lampung (id) • Ethnic groups52% Javanese
24% Lampungnese
12% Balinese
Sundanese ethnic class[tiga] :
9% Sundanese
3% Bantenese • Religion83.22% Islam
11.61% Hinduism
3.58% Christianity
1.59% Buddhist • LanguagesIndonesian (official)
Lampung (regional)
Lampung Nyo, Lampung Api, Javanese, Komering, SundaneseTime zoneUTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time)ISO 3166 codeID-LAHDI 0.695 (Medium)HDI rank24th in Indonesia (2019)GRP Nominal$25.51 billion[4]GDP PPP (2019)$83.37 billion[4]GDP rank11th in Indonesia (2019)Nominal per capitaUS$ tiga,019 (2019)[4]PPP per capitaUS$ 9,925 (2019)[4]Per capita rank22nd in Indonesia (2019)Websitelampungprov.go.id
Lampung is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra. It has a short border with the province of Bengkulu to the northwest, and a longer border with the province of South Sumatra to the north. It is the original home of the Lampung people, who speak their own language, and possess their own written script. Its capital is Bandar Lampung.
The province covers a land area of 35,376 sq.km and had a population of 7,608,405 at the 2010 census, 8,109,601 at the 2015 Census and 9,007,848 at the 2020 census,[2] with three-quarters of that being descendants of Javanese, Madurese, and Balinese migrants. These migrants came from more densely populated islands, in search of available land, as well as being part of the national government's Indonesian transmigration acara, of which Lampung was one of the earliest and most significant transmigration destinations.
On 10 May 2005, a 6.4 magnitude earthquake struck the province. In 1883, the volcano of Krakatoa, located on an island in the Sunda Strait, suffered one of the most violent volcanic eruptions in recorded history, with disastrous consequences for the area and elsewhere, including estimates of human fatalities in the tens of thousands, and worldwide temperature and other weather effects for years.Historical populationYearPop.±%1971 dua,777,008— 1980 4,624,785+66.5persen1990 6,017,573+30.1%1995 6,657,759+10.6persen2000 6,741,439+1.3%2010 7,608,405+12.9%2015 8,109,601+6.6persen2020 9,007,848+11.1persenSource: Badan Pusat Statistik 2019History[edit]
In the 7th century, word spread throughout China of a region located in the far south (Namphang) known as "Tolang Pohwang". ("To" meaning 'people' in Lampungese while "Lang Pohwang" was the then-popular name for the region that is now Lampung). It is possible that Lampung was part of the Kingdom of Srivijaya, with its regional capital in Jambi, which controlled most of Southeast Asia until the 11th century. The Srivijayans came to Lampung in search of gold and amber, two of the province's natural resources.
This history is substantiated by both unearthed relics and the discovery of the Palas Pasemah inscriptions and the Batu Bedil inscriptions in the Tenggamus region that trace back to Srivijayan times and civilization.[citation needed] Other, smaller kingdoms like Tulang Bawang (name still extant as a regency in the province) and Skala Brak also existed during the 7th to 8th centuries CE. The former was centered around the Tulang Bawang River, hence the name.
The entry of the Banten Sultanate in Lampung in the 16th century marked the beginning of the spread of Islam in the region. Lampung is known for pepper which at that time was in high demand. At that time, the Dutch began pressing for control of the region.[lima] In the 1930s Lampung still accounted for 30% of the world's pepper production.[6]
The control of pepper production exercised by the Banten Sultanate made Lampung one of the most prosperous harbors in the archipelago. Similarly, pepper plants also attracted migrants from Europe as employees of trading companies. It was in 1610 that the Dutch East India Company established a trading post in Banten and later in the 17th century began the forceful pepper cultivation in Lampung to increase its already existing production.[7] The area was part of the Banten Sultanate until it was annexed by the Dutch in 1752, when it became known as the Residentie Lampoengse Districten.[8] It became part of the Dutch East Indies.
Under Dutch rule, transmigration programs were implemented. This acara involved the migration of people from Java to Lampung. It was quite well-received and many residents of Java moved to the transmigration sites located in the eastern region of Lampung.[citation needed] The program was expanded after Indonesian independence in the 1960s. Natives of Java brought cultural devices to Lampung, such as the gamelan and wayang. Islanders of Bali[when?] also came to Lampung to follow the transmigration acara. The presence of migrants from other regions in Lampung has made this region culturally diverse. Ethnic diversity has become a tourist attraction in itself, with the added potential of nature and cultural tourism. Numerous art studios in the area act as a preserver of indigenous art and culture.Geography[edit]
Lampung Province has an area of 35,376.50 km2 (13,658.94 sq mi) and is located between the latitudes of 105°45'-103°48 'E and 3°45'-6°45'S. The province borders the Sunda Strait to the southeast and the Java Sea to the east. There are islands within Lampung Province, such: as Daro, Legundi, Tegal, Sebuku, Ketagian, Sebesi, Poahawang, Krakatoa, Putus, and Tabuan. These islands are located mostly in the Bay of Lampung. Pisang Island lies at the entrance to the Regency of West Lampung.
Lampung's natural terrain varies depending on the region. Along the coast in the west and the south is an area of rolling hills connected to the Bukit Barisan mountain range, running throughout Sumatra from north to south. In the center of the province is mostly lowland. Close to the coast in the east, along with the shores of the Java Sea, further north, is the great waters.[clarification needed]
The mountains situated in Lampung by height include:
- Mount Pesagi (2,262 m [7,421 ft]) in Liwa, West Lampung
- Mount Seminung (1,881 m [6,171 ft]) in Sukau, West Lampung
- Mount Tebak (2,115 m [6,939 ft]) in Sumberjaya, West Lampung
- Mount Rindingan (1,506 m [4,941 ft]) on the island stage, Tanggamus
- Mount Pesawaran (1,662 m [lima,453 ft]) in Kedondong, Pesawaran
- Mount Betung (1,240 m [4,070 ft]) in Teluk Betung, Bandar Lampung
- Mount Rajabasa (1,261 m [4,137 ft]) at the Trump, South Lampung
- Mount Tanggamus (2,156 m [7,073 ft]) in Kotaagung, Tanggamus
- Mount Krakatau in the Sunda Strait, South Lampung
- Mount Sekincau Liwa, West Lampung
- Mount Ratai in Padang Cermin, Pesawaran